Basically, this starts a bash shell and the arguments to bash do the following:
- --login and -i makes the current shell process act as if it has been invoked as an interactie login shell, which takes of reading and executing /etc/profile and your ~/.bash_rc and ~/.bash_profile fiiles.
- -c basically takes the string you give the -c argument and runs that, making your bash shell exist only until that shell's completion.
Combined, it's a perfect way to run anything from bash through windows - which may be needed for such things as Scheduled Tasks or to incorporate bash and unix goodies in existing batch files.